What substances are illegal to discharge into federally controlled or state waters?

The choice that identifies waste, oil, or trash encompasses key components that are illegal to discharge into federally controlled or state waters. Federal and state regulations are specifically designed to protect water quality and aquatic ecosystems from contamination.

Waste, including sewage and other byproducts from boats or coastal facilities, can severely harm marine life and degrade the quality of drinking water sources. Oil can create slicks on the water surface, harming wildlife and disrupting ecosystems. Trash, which includes plastics and debris, poses physical hazards to marine organisms and can break down into microplastics, causing long-term environmental damage.

While other options also mention substances that would generally be restricted, the answer that includes waste, oil, and trash encapsulates the primary concerns of water pollution laws and regulations.